Mohammed Ali

Muhammad Ali Jinnah[a](bornMahomedali Jinnahbhai;[b]25 December 1876 – 11 September 1948) was a barrister, politician, and thefounderofPakistan. Jinnah served as the leader of theAll-India Muslim Leaguefrom 1913 until the inception of Pakistan on 14 August 1947 and then asPakistan's firstgovernor-generaluntilhis death a year laterin 1948. During his student years in England, Jinnah was influenced by 19th-century Britishliberalism, like many other future Indian independence leaders. His main intellectual references were peoples likeBentham,Mill,Spencer, andComte.[28][29]This political education included exposure to the idea of the democratic nation, and progressive politics.[30]He became an admirer of theParsiBritish Indian political leadersDadabhai NaorojiandSir Pherozeshah Mehta. Naoroji had become the first British Member of Parliament of Indian extraction shortly before Jinnah's arrival, triumphing with a majority of three votes inFinsbury Central. Jinnah listened to Naoroji'smaiden speechin theHouse of Commonsfrom the visitor's gallery.[31][32] Among those who met with Jinnah to seek his return wasLiaquat Ali Khan, who would be a major political associate of Jinnah in the years to come and the firstprime minister of Pakistan. At Jinnah's request, Liaquat discussed the return with a large number of Muslim politicians and confirmed his recommendation to Jinnah.[84][85]In early 1934, Jinnah relocated to the subcontinent, though he shuttled between London and India on business for the next few years, selling his house inHampsteadand closing his legal practice in Britain.[86][87]